John Toye and Richard Toye (2006), Raúl Prebisch and the Limits of Industrialization. (ed.) Raúl Prebisch: Power, Principle, and the Ethics of Development, IDB-INTAL.History of Political Economy. "Raúl Prebisch and the Origins of the Doctrine of Unequal Exchange". (2008), The Life and Times of Raúl Prebisch, 1901–1986, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, KingstonPranala luar Flechsig, Steffen (1999), "Raul Prebisch's Contribution to a Humane World" in Global capitalism, liberation theology, and the social sciences: An analysis of the contradictions of modernity at the turn of the millennium (Andreas Mueller, Arno Tausch and Paul Zulehner (Eds.)), Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, Commack, New York Latin American Research Review. Dalam hal ini, dapat dikatakan bahwa teori dependensi mewakili suara negara-negara pinggiran untuk menantang hegemoni ekonomi, politik, budaya dan intelektual dari negara maju. Munculnya teori dependensi lebih merupakan kritik terhadap arus pemikiran utama persoalan pembangunan yang didominasi oleh teori modernisasi.Teori sistem dunia lahir karena dua teori sebelumnya, yaitu teori modernisasi dan teori dependensi menuai banyak kritik. Teori modernisasi dikritik sebagai rasionalisasi imperialisme.
Development has seen significant haste after the World War II (Rapley, 2007). Raúl Prebisch: Latin America's Keynes, The Economist, Mar 5th 2009 Comparison, Contrasts and Similarities Between the Modernization and the Dependency Theory IntroductionWith the world growing rapidly all across the globe and the enhanced integration of countries there has been very brisk development in the past six decades. Profile at The International Institute of Social Studies Diarsipkan di Wayback Machine. Raúl Prebisch and the XXI century development challenges Diarsipkan di Wayback Machine. There are major differences between the two theories especially in relation to the connection between the developed and developing nations. It has also been found sometimes that both the theories are antagonistic to each other regarding their views about the international relationships and the development of the world too. Comparison and Contrast between Modernization and Dependency TheoriesThere exist very substantial differences between the Modernization Theory and The Dependency theory. Along with this these theories help in assessment of the current situation along with the relationships which exist between the undeveloped and developing nations in objective manner because of the differences which exist between the two countries. Both the theories throw light on their views regarding the modern world and the existing relationships and differences between the Third World nations and developing countries (Liddlw, 1997).With the help of effective comparison between both these theories it would be simple to explain and understand the recent trends in the international relationships and the outlook of future world. In this context only we refer to the Modernisation Theory and the Dependency Theory which do have some similarities although the contrasts are more between them. Free download ms word for macThus the fact which is stated over here is that Modernization Theory underlines and states the inevitability of scrounging the experience possessed by developed countries in the West by the developing Third World Nations (Scott, 1995). This is the reason why the supporters of Modernization theory emphasise the importance of developing a mutual cooperation between developing and developed countries so that the developing nations can come closer to the developed countries. According to the Modernization Theory the western ways of development are found to be very successful and thriving and it supports the perspective that there is no other alternative way of development which exists. To state it more accurately Modernization Theory specifies that and is very much fixed about the fact that the Western nations are well- developed. When we do the analysis of the differences between the two theories the major difference which is found is that the Modernization Theory views the world development and the association between the developing and the developed countries is that of potentially equal countries and these countries are at different stages of development at present. To elaborate the fact according to the Dependency Theory it is evident that the Western countries are much more developed and superior than the Third World nations. The reason being the western ways of development according to the Modernization Theory is the right way to achieve prosperity (Modernization theory and Dependency theory, 2005).While the Dependency Theory stands in striking contrast to the Modernization Theory and highlights the fact that association between the developed and developing nations is not simply based upon the mutual assistance between them which keeps on growing rather it is based upon reliance of developing nations on the Western nations. Therefore according to the Modernization Theory, the modernisation of the developing countries politically and socio-economically taking examples of western countries as examples is the only key to solve the problem of backwardness of the developing or poor countries. On the other hand the western countries being much more advanced than the developing countries should assist them to achieve highest level of development through various aspects of technical assistance, consulting and education to the Third World countries. In order to achieve this goal it is mandatory for the developing countries to develop cooperation in all the spheres of life which should include culture, social, economic, education and politics relations with the western nations. They believe that such kind of growing dependence of the developing countries on the developed countries makes the socio-economic breakthroughs impossible. Thus the Dependency Theory completely denies and opposes any development in western manner as a cure for any kinds of problems existing in developing countries. This depicts that the Third World countries are being forced to follow and accept the western norms and standards and nay kind of disobedience by the developing nations can lead to cancellation of economic sanctions or worse still it can also result in military intervention by the developed nations (Schelkle, 2000). Therefore the supporters of Dependency Theory believe that Western countries impose their politics and rules on the developing nations. They do so to become the part of the world community and to avoid the isolation of the nation or this is even more drastically seen as high level intervention of developed nations in their policies. Therefore there is a strong bond between the developing and developed nations.Furthermore the similarity between the two theories states that the experiences of the western nations are being followed by the developing and undeveloped countries. Both the Dependency Theory and Modernization Theory state that the due to very high development in the Western countries they stand out as world leaders, which impacts all the aspects and spheres of life if we analyse it practically , covering economic, social , political and cultural lives too (Leys, 1996). The first main similarity which exists between the two is that both discuss about the prominent gap present between the developed and developing countries. ![]() Modernization Theory believes that social equality is the result of material growth while Dependency Theory believes that eth dependent country enhances social inequality which can lead to political authoritarianism (Modernization theory and Dependency theory, 2005). Both the theories agree to the fact that the mutual cooperation between the developing and western countries is growing leading to integration. While the developing nations are considered to be examples of socio-economic and political backwardness. This is the reason why the developed countries rule the modern world.
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